Treatment within the Criminal Justice System

Treatment in a criminal justice setting can prevent the relapse of an offender and a return to criminal behavior, particularly when treatment continues as the person transitions back into the community. Studies show that treatment does not need to be voluntary to be effective.

Motivational Enhancement Therapy

Motivational Enhancement Therapy is a counseling approach that centers on the individual and aims to initiate behavioral changes by helping people resolve ambivalence about engaging in treatment and by stopping drug use of alcohol, marijuana and nicotine. This approach employs strategies to evoke rapid and internally motivated change, rather than by steps, through the recovery process. This therapy consists of an initial assessment session, followed by two to four individual treatment sessions with a therapist. In the first treatment session, the therapist provides feedback to the initial assessment, stimulating discussion about personal substance use and eliciting self motivational statements. Motivational interviewing principles strengthen motivation and build a plan for change. Therapists suggest coping strategies for risky situations. In subsequent sessions, the therapist monitors change, reviews cessation strategies in place and continues to encourage commitment to change or sustained abstinence. Patients sometimes bring a significant other to sessions. Research suggests that the effects of motivational enhancement therapy depend on the type of drug participants used and the goal of the intervention. Doctors use the motivational enhancement therapy successfully with alcoholics to improve both treatment engagement and treatment outcomes such as reductions in problem drinking. Adults who are dependent on marijuana make strides in recovery when using motivational enhancement therapies in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy. Participants abusing other drugs like heroin, cocaine, nicotine and for adolescents who tend to use multiple drugs show mixed results when undergoing motivational enhancement therapies. In general, studies show that motivational enhancement therapies are more effective by engaging drug abusers in treatment than for producing changes in drug use.

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Aerobic Activity

One way to meet physical activity goals is by participating in aerobic activities. Aerobic exercise includes any activity that makes the lungs work hard and increases the heart rate for a sustained period. Common aerobic activities include: brisk walking, cycling, dancing, playing basketball, running and swimming. Experts recommend moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise. Moderate-intensity aerobic activity may make a person breathe harder and make it more difficult to talk, but always try to carry on a conversation. If a person is just beginning, slowly work up to moving at a moderate-intensity pace until weight loss occurs.